The Story Behind the Phrase Kilroy Was Here

For a few years during and after World War II, he was ubiquitous: a doodle of a big-nosed man, peering over a wall, accompanied by the inscription Kilroy was here. At the height of his popularity, Kilroy could be found just about everywhere: in bathrooms and on bridges, in school cafeterias and on homework assignments, in the holds of Navy ships and painted on the shells of Air Force missiles. A classic Bugs Bunny cartoon from 1948, Haredevil Hare, shows just how deeply Kilroy had penetrated into pop culture: thinking hes the first rabbit to land on the moon, Bugs is oblivious to the slogan Kilroy was here prominently etched on a rock behind him. The Prehistory of Kilroy Was Here Where did the meme—and thats exactly what it was, 50 years before the invention of the internet—Kilroy was here come from? Well, graffiti itself has been around for thousands of years, but the Kilroy drawing seems to have derived from a similar graffito, Foo was here, popular among Australian servicemen during World War I; this was also a depiction of a big-nosed cartoon figure peering over a wall, but it was not accompanied by any words. Around the same time  Kilroy was popping up in unexpected places in the U.S., another doodle, Mr. Chad, was appearing in England. The Chad doodle may have derived from the Greek symbol for Omega, or it may have been a simplified adaptation of a circuit diagram; whatever the case, it carried the same someone is watching connotation as Kilroy. At some point shortly before the outbreak of World War II, it seems, Foo, Chad, and Kilroy merged their memetic DNA and mutated into the classic Kilroy was here. Where Did Kilroy Come From? As to the derivation of the name Kilroy, thats a matter of some dispute. Some historians point to James J. Kilroy, an inspector at the Fore River Shipyard in Braintree, MA, who supposedly wrote Kilroy was here on various parts of ships as they were being built (after the ships were completed, these inscriptions would have been inaccessible, hence Kilroys reputation for getting into impossible-to-reach locations). Another candidate is Francis J. Kilroy, Jr., a soldier in Florida, sick with the flu, who wrote Kilroy will be here next week on the wall of his barracks; since this story only appeared in 1945, though, it seems doubtful that Francis, rather than James, was the source of the Kilroy legend. Of course, its also possible that neither James nor Francis Kilroy were involved in any way, and that the name Kilroy was conjured up from scratch by a bored G.I. At this point, we should mention a 2007 documentary, Fort Knox: Secrets Revealed, which aired in 2007 on the History Channel. The premise of the show is that Fort Knox was loaded with gold in 1937, but only made accessible to the public in the 1970s—so the producers at the History Channel could uncork part of the forts innards and visit a time capsule of pre-war America. In the documentary, Kilroy was here can be seen written on a wall inside the vault, which would imply that the origin of this meme dates to no later than 1937. Unfortunately, it was later revealed by one of the shows consultants that the vault footage was recreated (i.e., completely made up), which should make you think twice about the historical accuracy of anything aired on this cable channel! Kilroy Was Here Goes to War The four years of World War II were a tough, dangerous, and often lonely slog for Americas servicemen, who needed any form of entertainment they could get. In this regard, Kilroy was here functioned as a morale booster—when U.S. soldiers landed on a beachhead, they would often see this meme inscribed on a wall or fence nearby, presumably planted there by an advance reconnaissance team. As the war progressed, Kilroy was here became an emblem of pride, carrying the message that no place, and no country, was beyond the reach of Americas might (and especially not if Kilroy was here happened to be painted on the side of a missile penetrating deep into enemy territory). Amusingly, neither Josef Stalin nor Adolf Hitler, two dictators not known for their sense of humor, could quite make sense of  Kilroy was here. The famously paranoid Stalin was reportedly unsettled when he glimpsed a Kilroy was here graffito in a bathroom stall at the Potsdam Conference in Germany; presumably he instructed the NKVD to find the individual responsible and have him shot. And Kilroy was here was inscribed on so many pieces of American ordinance recovered by the Germans that Hitler wondered if Kilroy was a master spy, along the lines of the yet-to-be-invented James Bond! Kilroy has had a robust afterlife. Old memes never truly go away; they persist out of historical context, so that a six-year-old watching Adventure Time or reading a Peanuts comic strip from the 1970s will be aware of this phrase, but not of its origins or its connotations. Its not only the case that Kilroy was here; Kilroy is still among us, in comic books, video games, TV shows, and all sorts of pop-culture artifacts.

Foreign Language Learning And Teaching - 1479 Words

With increased globalization, it has become highly relevant and valuable not only in the education and labor market, but also in modern society to have good command of more than two languages in addition to one’s native language (cf. Gehring, 2010). Consequently, various forms of foreign language learning and teaching have become common worldwide, and language courses are offered in school, university, and in the workforce. In particular, English, French, and Spanish as foreign languages have been dominating in school systems around Europe (cf. Decke-Cornill Kà ¼ster, 2010). The world language and lingua franca English is widely used for international communication; no one can deny its spread and success (cf. Crystal, 2003). The mastery†¦show more content†¦Because of EFL’s popularity and success, more often the well-established concept of bilingual education is offered in order to promote the learners’ receptive and productive skills and communicati ve competences in the English language (cf. Decke-Cornill Kà ¼ster, 2010). Globally, bilingual education has been practiced in various program models for thousands of years (cf. National Association for Bilingual Education, 2016). Bilingual education comprises many frameworks and offers different concepts depending on school form and other conditions. It is an approach that integrates the teaching of contents from the curriculum with the medium of two languages: a native language and a non-native language. However, as a rule, the working language is the non-native language, in other words, bilingual teaching rather means monolingual teaching (cf. Decke-Cornill Kà ¼ster, 2010). 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Fair and Handsome free essay sample

Emami has also set us its overseas Branches in UK UAE. Emami Products are available in Nepal since 1997. Himani Boroplus Antiseptic Cream and Himani Navratna Oil have become category leaders over the period. â€Å"Fair and Handsome† cream for men is a product of Emami Ltd, in association with Activor Corp. USA. The cream claims to have a unique formula which makes skin fairer in just 4 weeks. It has double strength peptide complex which makes the product suitable for tough male skin, which is 3 times more exposed to suns UV rays, 5 times more exposed to pollution, 2 times more exposed to stress factors, compared to women. Male skin is also damaged by abrasive action of shaving blade and hence after shave application of this product was also said to be useful. Emami Fair and Handsome is targeted at Urban Male consumer between the ages of 15-35. The skin-lightening industry is worth at least ? 100m in India and the Fair-and-Handsome-for-Men range is the latest product from one of the markets big players. LAUNCH Fair and Handsome was first launched by Emami Ltd in Nepal on 19th Nov. 2005. In India,the launch was done after testing the product in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The post launch research done in INDIA indicated that 73% consumers reported improvement in complexion, 78% found it to be an effective after-shave moisturizer 75% found effective oil control. The domestic skin-lightening cream industry is valued at over $190m a strong indicator of the great Indian obsession with fair skin. Until now, skin-lightening creams have been aimed almost exclusively at women. However in a research conducted on the use of fairness creams, it has been found by the company that more than 25% of fairness cream users are men. Its an open secret that 30% of Fair Lovelys sales are driven by men Emami also explains that there is growing consciousness towards personal grooming among men all over the world. The bottom-line is: Men are no longer shy of admitting they want to look good. Emami has realized there is a ready market for a product like this,especially in a country full of dark-skinned people. Emami expects that this new brand will fulfill a latent consumer need. Editor of mens magazine, Mans World, Jerry Pinto, says most dark-skinned men are as insecure as women and go to equal lengths, to achieve lighter skin. I dont think men share this notion of tall dark and handsome, he says. In India, its tall, fair and handsome. A look at the matrimonial section is a very good way of seeing how men look at themselves. † Indian Men never thought beyond an aftershave lotion and a perfume or body deodorant. But now they’re going to beauty parlors. Good and healthy looking face is the key of attracti on. According to India Daily , Emamis fairness cream for men, Fair and Handsome, has almost become an inspiration for others; such as â€Å"Nivea for men†. Fair and Handsome clocked sales of Rs 16 crore in the first 11 months of its launch and is expected to generate as much as Rs 65-70 crore in the current fiscal, according to Emami Director Mohan Goenka. Telegraphindia says, market research now reveals that 32 per cent (some estimates say 28-30 per cent) of the buyers of fairness creams are men, not women. After two years of launch, Fair and Handsome is worth Rs 45 Crore now commanding a market share of over 30-40% in the segment. Brand Perception: Below,we have identified some key parameters that Emami Ltd used to project a strong â€Å"male† image for their brand. A)PACKAGING Fair And Handsome Fairness Cream for Men is available in three sizes viz, 9ml, 30ml and 60ml. It is also available in a 9ml trial pack. The colors used are silver, black and orange which give a bold and macho look to the product. The illustration on the cover pack is that of a before-and-after effect of using the cream. The pack also contains a leaflet of instructions. Clearly,the manufacturers have gone to great lengths to ensure that the consumer is satisfied with the product. The designing of the carton has been done effectively, and the visuals attached are definitely eye-catching. B) ADVERTISEMENTS The brand is being positioned as the fairness cream that can make men handsome and also attractive to girls. The brand uses the tagline: â€Å"Be fair Be Handsome†. THE AD: Theres a man who has no luck with the girls. He has markedly darker skin than his friends and the girl he is after rejects him because of his dark skin. Then suddenly out of nowhere, Shahrukh Khan, hands over a cream to the hapless chap, along with some mild admonishment. Within a few weeks, the young man has turned much lighter-skinned and confident. As he strides down the road, the girls start flocking to him and chanting: Hi handsome, hi handsome. Khan comes back into view with the product, Fair and Handsome. The Ad is very misleading as it reinforces the idea that you’ve got to be fair if you want anything in life. Through the commercial, the brand gives an impression that the users are having a lack of confidence and feels insecure and have less self esteem. Again the brand assumes that Fairness gets women attracted towards men. Most critics say that the message is lousy; but the commercial has certainly been effective in boosting sales. In most shopping malls across the country,men are no longer shy of picking up a fairness cream along with their groceries. Emami has instantly become a market leader in this category. C) BRAND AMBASSADOR One of the biggest heart throbs of Indian cinema, Shahrukh Khan was made the brand ambassador of Emami Fair and Handsome. In spite of Shahrukh being hesitant in endorsing a fairness cream, his contract with Emami required him to do so. Although this step was condemned as â€Å"immoral† by many critics,Emami has banked on his huge celebrity status to raise the profile of their product. The truth is that the cult of media personalities especially cricket or Bollywood stars is a massive phenomena in India and so brands are much more partial to celebrity endorsements. Shahrukh Khan is the face of today’s youth; a symbol of the emerging metrosexual man; an icon associated with style, panache, power and success. By choosing Shahrukh Khan to endorse Fair and Handsome,Emami has attempted to connect good looks with achievement. Just as Shahrukh is a role model to actors in later generations,Fair and Handsome boasts of being the first ever fairness cream for men – hence setting an example for other skin-care brands. Shahrukh is also has a world-wide fan following,which makes it easier for Emami to promote Fair and Handsome in foreign markets. D)OTHER PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES Emami has made great attempts to establish a strong brand image for Fair and Handsome in the mind of the male consumer. Fair and Handsome has had the first mover advantage and is already recognized solely as a â€Å"male cosmetic product†. As a part of further promoting its identity as an exclusively male brand,it has a special webpage designed for men called www. fairandhandsome. et where they provide information on the benefits and use of the cream,as well as skincare tips for men. Emami also had an all-India â€Å"Mr. Fair and Handsome Contest† for men on 30th October 2007 in Mumbai. CONCLUSION Although Fair and Handsome has been criticized for its â€Å"fair skin gets you more† image, the brand has to be appreciated for creating a category. It is true that men use creams meant for women. Hence there is logic in creating a brand for men in this category. Clearly, the largest section of the market lies in South India due to greater incidence of dark skin. The largest segment of the market lies in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. This may be a move by Emami to capitalize on the existing demand for men’s cosmetics and it is entirely justified. The Ads however could have been more subtle. Some Ads for women’s fairness creams have already been taken off air for sending the wrong messages. Despite all this, Fair and Handsome has gained the first mover advantage and has been established as a men’s cosmetic brand, mainly because of its uniqueness. Other FMCG giant have also followed suit: For example, HUL has extended Fair and Lovely into mens category with a variant Menz Active. International brands such as Nivea and Loreal also have moved into this segment. However the initial hype surrounding Fair and Handsome has died down considerably. This suggests that people bought the product mainly out of curiosity and not for its brand value. (Big Bazaar in Mumbai sold over 170 pieces of Fair and Handsome in the first week). Thus Fair and Handsome should introduce variants and extend their brand into other categories such as shampoos, shaving gels and deodorants.

Investigation of Resistance in a Nichrome 32 Wire Essay Example

Investigation of Resistance in a Nichrome 32 Wire Essay In this project I will be investigating how the length of Nichrome wire will affect the resistance. All length, cross section area, temperature and type of material are the factors that affect resistance. I will be keeping these variables constant besides length. To carry out this experiment I will set up a simple circuit and carry out a series of trials measuring voltage and current using different lengths of wire.Prediction:I predict that when the length of the Nichrome 32 wire is increased the resistance will also increase equally. The resistance increases as the length increases because the electrons that are passing through the wire collide with the metal atoms of the wire. The more you increase the length of the wire, the more collisions there will be between the metal atoms and electrons. The collisions that occur produce heat energy which is caused by friction. I predict that if you double the length of the wire the resistance will also double.Fair Test:To make this a fair te st I will keep certain variables the same, only changing the length of wire. The variables I will keep the same consist of the power supply so I dont send more power to the electrons to go around, and temperature so that it doesnt affect the resistance of the wire because increase of the temperature increases the resistance of the wire. I also want to keep the cross section area of the wire the same because as I increase the cross sectional area resistance will decrease. These should stay the same to make sure that the experiment goes accordingly and resumes being a fair test. In this case I can carry out my experiment without having to worry about anything going wrong and it also allows my results to be more accurate.Equipment:* Ammeter* Voltmeter* Low Voltage Power Supply* Variable Resistor* Connecting Wires Crocodile Clips* Wires Of Nichrome 32 (all the same diameter)Method:1. Set up a circuit as shown in the diagram above.2. Measure a 100cm length of Nichrome 32 wire and connec t it to the circuit.3. Set power supply to 6 volts DC and turn on.4. Record the current and voltage and quickly turn off the power supply.5. Between each reading, allow the wire to cool and change the variable resistor.6. Repeat steps 3 5 two more times.7. Change length of wire to 90cm, and repeat steps 3 6. Repeat the process for all the lengths as shown in the table.Health Safety:Evaluation:Test Results (Preliminary Work):Length (cm)VoltageCurrentResistance (ohms)100.640.341.88201.110.313.58301.320.304.40401.690.266.54502.140.258.56602.470.2310.8702.630.2211.43803.060.2015.25903.100.1916.321003.150.2016.5789Test Results (1):Length (cm)VoltageCurrentResistance (ohms)102.092.600.80202.812.211.27303.121.591.96403.881.103.52504.050.974.17604.440.894.98704.690.746.33805.070.687.45905.200.618.521005.300.569.46Test Results (2):Length (cm)VoltageCurrentResistance (ohms)101.111.340.83201.531.291.18301.960.942.08402.360.743.18502.980.724.13603.540.854.16703.440.546.37803.910.537.37904.17 0.498.511003.990.439.50Test Results (3):Length (cm)VoltageCurrentResistance (ohms)100.941.020.92201.080.901.20301.540.742.08401.980.653.04502.500.604.16602.960.585.10702.900.466.30803.190.447.25903.610.458.021003.520.379.51Average Resistance:Length (cm)Average Resistance (ohms)100.80 + 0.83 + 0.92 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3 = 1.93201.27 + 1.18 + 1.20 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3 = 2.85301.96 + 2.08 + 2.08 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3 = 4.73403.52 + 3.18 + 3.04 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3 = 7.71504.17 + 4.13 + 4.16 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3 = 9.68604.98 + 4.16 + 5.10 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3 = 10.84706.33 + 6.37 + 6.30 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3 = 14.80807.45 + 7.37 + 7.25 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3 = 17.23908.52 + 8.51 + 8.02 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3 = 19.701009.46 + 9.50 + 9.51 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3 = 22.13